Morning Fog

Jennifer Cudmore Prof. L. Gertsma English Composition 1 6 September, 2012 â€Å"Morning Fog† I often wonder how many opportunities I’ve let slip by throughout my life. Countless colorful sunsets, too many moons rising into the night sky to even count, or even something as simple as a glance in the mirror at my own reflection. Far too many times I have been too busy or too tired to stop and notice what I’m missing. On one particular morning a few days ago, I awoke to the piercing sound of my alarm blaring in my ear.Even though the piece of technology had merely sprouted legs of its own to bury itself under my pillow, I could still hear it as clear as a bull horn through my sleepiness. I managed to groggily press the correct button on the flat piece of glass that was the surface of my cell phone. There’s two buttons to choose from and if I’m not careful, I would find myself pressing the button that would allow me to drift off to the land of odd happen ings, to unicorns and fairy dust, and to the place where time seems to stand still.Often times, when this unfortunate mishap has occurred, I would wake in such frenzy that I could feel the labored breaths as they attempted to escape from my lungs. My heart was beating in such a fashion as to erupt straight through my chest. Luckily this was not one of those days and I began to untangle myself from the covers that so gently held me throughout the night. The temperature change was abrupt and waves began to rush over my skin like lake water lapping the rocks of a shoreline. My long, cold fingers reached through the darkness toward the switch on the wall.My eyes quickly clenched shut as if anticipating the searing pain that was about to commence once the switch was turned. With a loud click, electricity rushed the filament of the crystal globe and exceptionally bright light stretched through every corner of my room that was just as dark as dirty oil a moment ago. Making the unbearable a ttempt to adjust to the sudden change from darkness to light, my eyes began to blink repeatedly and tears formed at the corners of each eye. With each blink, it became apparent very quickly that contacts would not be an option today.I could almost hear the pleading of each eye screaming out to me saying, â€Å"Please go back to bed! We’re not ready yet! † With the moon still hanging high outside my window, I turn to my closet. I remember thinking to myself that the moon looked particularly bright this morning and perhaps that was the first sign that I was looking a little closer at what I was doing than I usually did. I quickly chose my outfit for the day and began down the hallway towards the steps. The potent aroma of coffee hit my senses as my feet landed on the fourth step from the top of the narrow stairwell.My â€Å"lifeline† is what I officially dubbed this miracle liquid for no matter how many hours of sleep I had shorted myself the night before, coffee had always helped me push through. I made my way down the remainder of the steps and into the coffee scented kitchen where I find a mug to place sugar and creamer in. I managed to pour a cupful without spilling even a drop of the precious, blistering hot liquid. Even with the first few sips of the coffee within the cup, I start to feel my body slowly awaken from the sudden surge of caffeine and I push forward.With a quick glance at the clock on the wall, I make the decision that there is no time for a piece of toast or bowl of cereal. Almost as if hearing my thoughts, an animal like growling emanated from my stomach in an attempt to change my mind. The plea was quickly ignored and I walked past the refrigerator door. A mental note formed in my mind of yet another missed opportunity, as I walked past my father who was so intently focused on the plate of breakfast sitting in front of him.With cup in hand I enter the bathroom, where I finish getting ready for the day. With a quick glan ce around, as if taking a mental inventory of what would be needed, a hairbrush, toothbrush and toothpaste quickly make their way to the countertop, lining up like patrons at a checkout in a supermarket. It wasn’t until my hair was done and teeth were brushed that I made the connection. How many years had I gotten myself up? How many times had I dressed myself and how many cups of coffee had it taken to get me going in the morning?I had come to the shocking realization that in the past 15 minutes of my 32 years I managed to get myself ready in the presence of 3 different mirrors in 3 separate places of my house but not once did I take the time to gaze into one. I had looked long enough to guarantee that every hair was in its place and that every pearly white tooth got its own little one on one with the toothbrush but not once did I truly look at the reflection that was quietly standing there staring back at me.I stopped and forced myself to truly look and realized that the re flection was the same with the exception of a few extra lines, or that the shine of my hair wasn’t quite as luminescent as it once was. However, when I actually looked into my eyes it came quite apparent that the many years of broken hearts, lost loves, and life experiences had changed them in such a way that it was almost unrecognizable. There was pain there, yet an even stronger wisdom irradiated brighter than the moon or the sun combined. Sometimes, all it takes is a little time to really appreciate who you are and what you have accomplished in your life.

Hazards of e-Waste

Hazards of Electronic waste Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) describes loosely discarded, surplus, obsolete, or broken electrical or electronic devices. Informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries causes serious health and pollution problems. Some electronic scrap components, such as CRTs, contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, mercury, and brominated flame retardants.Even in developed countries recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to workers and communities and great care must e taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaching of material such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes. Scrap industry and USA EPA officials agree that materials should be managed with caution,and environmental dangers of unused electronics have not been exaggerated.Definitions â€Å"Electronic waste† may be defined as all secondary computers, entertai nment device electronics, mobile phones, and other items such as television sets and refrigerators, whether sold, donated, or discarded by their original owners. This definition includes sed electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. Others define the re-usables (working and repairable electronics) and secondary scrap (copper, steel, plastic, etc. to be â€Å"commodities†, and reserve the term â€Å"waste† for residue or material which was represented as working or repairable but which is dumped or disposed or discarded by the buyer rather than recycled, including residue from reuse and recycling operations. Because loads of surplus electronics are frequently commingled (good, recyclable, and non-recyclable), several public olicy advocates apply the term â€Å"e-waste† broadly to all surplus electronics. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) includes discarded CRT monitors in its category of â€Å"hazard ous household waste†. l] but considers CRTs set aside for testing to be commodities if they are not discarded, speculatively accumulated, or left unprotected from weather and other damage. Debate continues over the distinction between â€Å"commodity† and â€Å"waste† electronics definitions. Some exporters are accused of deliberately leaving difficult-to-recycle, obsolete, or non- epairable equipment mixed in loads of working equipment (though this may also come through ignorance, or to avoid more costly treatment processes).Protectionists may broaden the definition of â€Å"waste† electronics in order to protect domestic markets from working secondary equipment. The high value of the computer recycling subset of electronic waste (working and reusable laptops, desktops, and components like RAM) can help pay the cost of transportation for a larger number of worthless pieces than can be achieved with display devices, which have less (or negative) scrap valu e.Problems Rapid changes in technology, changes in media (tapes, software, MP3), falling prices, and planned obsolescence have resulted in a fast-growing surplus of electronic waste around the glo e b . Dave Krucn o as For Laptops, regards electronic waste as a â€Å"rapidly expanding† issue. [2] Technical solutions are available, but in most cases a legal framework, a collection system, logistics, and other services need to be implemented before a technical solution can be applied. An estimated 50 million tons of E-waste is produced each year.The USA discards 30 million computers each ear and 100 million phones are disposed of in Europe each year. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and incinerators. According to a report by UNEP titled, â€Å"Recycling – from E-waste to Resources,† the amount of e-waste being produced – including mobile phones and computers – could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next decade in some countries, such as India [3].The United States is the world leader in producing electronic waste, tossing away about 3 million tonnes each year. China already produces about 2. million tonnes (2010 estimate) domestically, second only to the United States. And, despite having banned e-waste imports, China remains a major e-waste dumping ground for developed countries Electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials. Up to 60 elements can be found in complex electronics. In the United States, an estimated 70% of heavy metals in landfills comes from discarded electronics.While there is agreement that the number of discarded electronic devices is increasing, there is considerable disagreement about the relative risk (compared to automobile scrap, for xample), and strong disagreement whether curtailing trade in used electronics will improve conditions, or make them worse. Accor ding to an article in Motherboard, attempts to restrict the trade have driven reputable companies out of the supply chain, with unintended consequences. Electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials. Up to 60 elements can be found in complex electronics.In the United States, an estimated 70% of heavy metals in landfills comes from discarded electronics. While there is agreement that the number of discarded electronic devices is increasing, there is considerable disagreement about the elative risk (compared to automobile scrap, for example), and strong disagreement whether curtailing trade in used electronics will improve conditions, or make them worse. According to an article in Motherboard, attempts to restrict the trade have driven reputable companies out of the supply chain, with unintended consequences.Global trade issuesOne theory is that increased regulation of electronic waste and concern over the environmental harm in mature economies creates an economic disincentive to remove residues prior to export. Critics of trade in used electronics aintain that it is too easy for brokers calling themselves recyclers to export unscreened electronic waste to developing countries, such as China, India and parts of Africa, thus avoiding the expense of removing items like bad cathode ray tubes (the processing of which is expensive and difficult). The developing countries are becoming big dump yards of e-waste.Proponents of international trade point to the success of fair trade programs in other industries, where cooperation has led creation of sustainable Jobs, and can bring affordable technology in countries where repair and reuse rates are higher. Defenders of the trade in used electronics say that extraction of metals from virgin mining has also been shifted to developing countries. Hard-rock mining of copper, silver, gold and other materials extracted from electronics is considered tar more environmentally damaging than the recycling ot those materials.They also state that repair and reuse of computers and televisions has become a â€Å"lost art† in wealthier nations, and that refurbishing has traditionally been a path to development. South Korea, Taiwan, and southern China all excelled in finding â€Å"retained value† in used goods, and in some cases have set up billion-dollar ndustries in refurbishing used ink cartridges, single-use cameras, and working CRTs. Refurbishing has traditionally been a threat to established manufacturing, and simple protectionism explains some criticism of the trade.Works like â€Å"The Waste Makers† by Vance Packard explain some of the criticism of exports of working product, for example the ban on import of tested working Pentium 4 laptops to China, or the bans on export of used surplus working electronics by Japan. Opponents of surplus electronics exports argue that lower environmental and labor standards, cheap labor, and the relatively high value of recover ed raw materials leads to a ransfer of pollution-generating activities, such as burning of copper wire.In China, Malaysia, India, Kenya, and various African countries, electronic waste is being sent to these countries for processing, sometimes illegally. Many surplus laptops are routed to developing nations as â€Å"dumping grounds for e-waste†. Because the United States has not ratified the Basel Convention or its Ban Amendment, and has no domestic laws forbidding the export of toxic waste, the Basel Action Network estimates that about 80% of the electronic waste directed to recycling in the U. S. does not get ecycled there at all, but is put on container ships and sent to countries such as China.This figure is disputed as an exaggeration by the EPA, the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, and the World Reuse, Repair and Recycling Association. Independent research by Arizona State University showed that 87-88% of imported used computers did not have a higher value than the best value of the constituent materials they contained, and that â€Å"the official trade in end-of-life computers is thus driven by reuse as opposed to Guiyu in the Shantou region of China, Delhi and Bangalore in India as well as the Agbogbloshie site near Accra, Ghana have lectronic waste processing areas.Uncontrolled burning, disassembly, and disposal causes a variety of environmental problems such as groundwater contamination, atmospheric pollution, or even water pollution either by immediate discharge or due to surface runoff (especially near coastal areas), as well as health problems including occupational safety and health effects among those directly and indirectly involved, due to the methods of processing the waste. Thousands of men, women, and children are employed in highly polluting, primitive recycling technologies, extracting he metals, toners, and plastics from computers and other electronic waste.Recent studies show that 7 out of 10 children in this region have too much lead in their blood Proponents of the trade say growth of internet access is a stronger correlation to trade than poverty. Haiti is poor and closer to the port of New York than southeast Asia, but far more electronic waste is exported from New York to Asia than to Haiti. Thousands of men, women, and children are employed in reuse, refurbishing, repair, and remanufacturing, unsustainable industries in decline in developed countries.Denying developing nations access to used electronics may deny them sustainable employment, affordable products, and internet access, or force them to deal with even less scrupulous suppliers. In a series of seven articles for The Atlantic, Shanghai-based reporter Adam Minter describes many ot these computer repair and scrap separation activities as objectively sustainable. Opponents of the trade argue that developing countries utilize methods that are more harmful and more wasteful. An expedient and prevalent method is simply to toss equipment o nto an open fire, in order to melt plastics and to burn away unvaluable metals.This releases carcinogens and neurotoxins into the air, contributing to an acrid, lingering smog. These noxious fumes include dioxins and furans. [18] Bonfire refuse can be disposed of quickly into drainage ditches or waterways feeding the ocean or local water supplies. Recycling Today the electronic waste recycling business is in all areas of the developed world a large and rapidly consolidating business. Part of this evolution has involved greater diversion of electronic waste from energy-intensive downcycling processes (e. . , conventional recycling), where equipment is reverted to a raw material form. This iversion is achieved through reuse and refurbishing. The environmental and social benefits of reuse include diminished demand for new products and virgin raw materials (with their own environmental issues); larger quantities of pure water and electricity for associated manufacturing; less packaging per unit; availability of technology to wider swaths of society due to greater affordability of products; and diminished use of landfills.Audiovisual components, televisions, VCRs, stereo equipment, mobile phones, other handheld devices, and computer components contain valuable elements and substances suitable for reclamation, including lead, opper, and gold. One of the major challenges is recycling the printed circuit boards from the electronic wastes. The circuit boards contain such precious metals as gold, silver, platinum, etc. and such base metals as copper, iron, aluminum, etc. Conventional method employed is mechanical shredding and separation but the recycling efficiency is low.Alternative methods such as cryogenic decomposition have been studied for printed circuit board recycling, and some other methods are still under investigation. Hazardous Americium: smoke alarms (radioactive source). Mercury: fluorescent tubes (numerous applications), tilt switches (mechanical oorbell s, thermostats). [37] Sulfur: lead-acid batteries. PBBs: Predecessor of PCBs. Also used as flame retardant. Banned from 1973-1977 on. PCBs: prior to ban, almost all 1930s-1970s equipment, including capacitors, transformers, wiring insulation, paints, inks, and flexible sealants. Banned during the 1980s.

Marketing part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing part 1 - Essay Example It also has flights that carry luggage over a short distance especially when dealing with perishable goods. The market segment of Qantas airline is divided into two: The domestic segmentation and the international segmentation. The international segmentation of the company aims at reaching customers all over the world. The main targeted customers are people who travel overseas country for business trips or vacations. It targets international travelers who are the major target of the company. Such include business people and individuals who love travelling across the globe. The second target is the domestic segment which involves offering airline services to people within the country. The services are offered to people who travel over various areas in the country and people travelling for vacations. Qantas has lowered the prices of this segment making it accessible for the local people. The travels involve short hours, unlike the international travels. The features of the airline do not offer many services because they operate at short hours with a maximum of 3 hours. The company provides a wide selection of services which it offers to its customers. The company offers comfortable and reliable flights to its customers especially in the long-hour flights. The company is diverse and offers both domestic and international aviation services to its customers making it more competitive in the market share. It can meet the need of both the local people and international travelers something that a number of airlines in Australia have not been able to offer. The company also has a strong backbone that supports its activities. The fiscal position of the company is stable enough to support all of its operations. It also uses the most recent technology to make its services more convenient and of quality. The company also has a good technical support which ensures

Economic downturn Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Economic downturn - Essay Example Another cause of this economic downturn is borrowing and lending of money. For example, the banks of developed countries are keen to lend to developing countries. This makes both the lender and the borrower unstable as the lender is not left with any money for his use and the borrower gets deeper into the loan. Due to this system, the financial intervention has changed into globalized finance. In addition to that, shortages of basic necessities especially food, have also caused many economies to ruin. Recently these crises are increasing at a staggering rate. These shortages cause developed countries to be crushed under the loans from developed ones. Fluctuations in the real estate markets also fuel the downturn of any economy. For example the collapse of Lehmann brothers caused a great downturn in the US economy. Housing, being one of the basic necessities of life, has a great impact on the lives of the people. Large financial institutions invest in housing as it is a productive sec tor. People also borrow money to buy houses and expect the prices to rise so that they can get profit. The variations in the exchange rates also trigger the economic recession. An appreciation in a countries exchange rate can cause problems for other countries as well.

In relation to perception,what does it mean that we all lok at Essay

In relation to perception,what does it mean that we all lok at different situations in the work place though different lenses Why it is important for a manager - Essay Example The mind then processes it and makes it available for retrieval. The perceiver then responds according to the interpretations of the perceived situation or object. In the workplace, it is very important for a manager to understand how perception may help or hinder his management. There are different situations happening within the workplace that may affect the performance of the management and the employees depending on their perception of the issue or situation. The issues and events happening around the workplace are interpreted differently depending on their rank and status in the workplace. For example, an employee may see a rewards program as ineffective because of the lack of enticing rewards it offers and a manager may see it as ineffective because of the lack of participation from the employees. Depending on his role in the workplace, the individual interprets the situation in relation to his level of work. Understanding that the workplace is a vast field of opinions and interpretations, the manager can use his perception and that of his subordinates to improve their work performance and work relationships. The primary responsibility of a manager is to oversee and to manage the business or his assigned department, including the people within. With this responsibility comes the different situations in which he has to use his decision-making skills effectively and efficiently. Perception is very important in fulfilling this responsibility. Filtering out information that are not necessary to fulfill the task is important (Howard n.d.). Knowing what is needed information and what is not needed is important as it will define how the manager interprets and analyzes the situation. When making decisions, analyzing facts is more important than judging the situation based on intuition. Perception of an action depends on the meaning attributed to the

Fundamentals of Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Fundamentals of Finance - Essay Example Therefore, it can be said that M&S possesses a sound fundamental financial position. In order to analyse the efficiency of a company, it is necessary to quantify its financial performance. Not just the investors, but other stakeholders like suppliers, credit providers and banks also consider the financial performance of the company as a parameter of its efficiency. Such analysis is often done in two stages. Initially, the performance of the company is analysed for the past few years (atleast five or more years). Historical data reflects the past trend and fundamentals of the company. However, one should not rely only on historical performance; rather the performance of the company in the last financial year should also be taken into consideration. Tools like ratio analysis should be used to make the process more transparent and holistic. Moreover, the performance of the company should be compared against the industry to arrive at a more authentic conclusion. In the given project, financial performance of Marks and Spencer will be analysed by taking into consideration its last five years performance. Later on, essential ratios will be analysed and compared against the industry benchmark to have a more comprehensive understanding. Marks and Spencer is one of the leading retailers in UK. Data published by the company reveals that in a single week more than 21 million customers visit its stores. The company is engaged in selling high quality clothes and home products along with quality food. The supplier base of the company comprises more than 2,000 suppliers from different parts of the world. Approximately 76, 000 people are employed by UK and other stores located in 41 overseas territories. The company was founded by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in the year 1884 for selling specifically British products. However, with time, the company had to break this policy to gain competitive edge in

Policy analysis - capstone project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy analysis - capstone project - Assignment Example Support for its legalization has been growing and more popular in the last two years. With that in mind, many question just why marijuana continues to be illegal in so many states and according to the federal government. In the paper there are more states who are trying to legalize the use of marijuana for recreational and medical purposes. A similar measure or proposal is in Ohio right now. We will use and assume some numbers from the success story of the use in Colorado and Washington State so far and will analyze and project what the impact will be when a similar measure is in place in Ohio. The study will focus on the economic impact the use will bring the state of Ohio. If marijuana is legalized in Ohio there will be a significant change in the economy in terms of revenue collection. The government collects revenue from the inhabitants of Ohio through fines and criminal charges imposed on criminal offenders who are people caught using or selling marijuana. In fact the users of marijuana in Ohio equal 0.088. To arrive at this answer see the formula below. Presently, the quantity of marijuana consumed in Ohio annually is equals to 721 grams. In Ohio the fine for marijuana consumption is done in ounces, which are 1-3 ounces calls for $ 100, while 4-above ounces equal %250 fines. Therefore the amount of fine the criminal justice receive due to marijuana usage is equals to users=1,016,000 1-3 ounces=$100 and 4-above $250 therefore 25 ounces will result into a fine of 25X250=6250 per month. Therefore annually will equals 6250X12= $75,000. Therefore, the government collects seventy five thousand dollars annually from marijuana users (Caulkins, 2012). After marijuana has been made legal in Ohio an increase in percentage of users is observed. We need to find out the number of users after policy= number of current users +number of current users

Cajun Food in South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cajun Food in South Korea - Essay Example Target country for this case is South Korea. South Korean people are very much attracted towards the sea food items. That is why the country is an automatic choice for this business expansion. Food habits of South Korean people are significantly suitable and at par with the Cajun Food item. High level of seafood affinity from Korean people has made this place absolutely suitable for the particular food item. Availability of seafood items has made Korean peninsula an attractive destination for Cajun Foods. The aim of the project is to expand the idea of Kajun food into the market of South Korea by removing its competitor â€Å"The Boiling Crab and Cajun Restaurant Pier 17†. Another way it can deal with it is to start a joint venture with its competitor. Kajun has the motive to explain & elaborate the present trend in the ROI market. The food under consideration originated from the deepest part of Louisiana and Mississippi. The flavors of the food consist of an amalgamation of sea foods with spices. The availability of sea food is ensured by the bordering Japan Sea and Yellow Sea. Sea food always forms a major item of the people living in the boundaries of Eastern Asia. The study confers to expansion into the markets of South Korea. The brand name of this company is Cajun. This brand overcomes the cultural barriers. It gives a youthful perception and tries to increase the frequency of the purchase. This brand delivers a common message to all of its customers. Kajun aims to offer a new taste to the western world with the slogan that the south has risen following Kajun’s lifestyle. The packaging can be done in tinned containers for export purpose. Such packaging system will keep the food fresh. The customers can buy frozen fresh Cajun food. For instant serving the food can be served on platters. The mission of the company is provide best quality food to the customers and so it is advised to make the packaging

The use of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases Essay

The use of gene therapy to treat genetic diseases - Essay Example An individual has sickle cell trait when one of the two copies is carrying the sickle cell beta globin gene. On the other hand, if both the copies carry sickle cell beta globin gene then the individual has sickle cell anemia and suffers from the debilitating disease. In accordance with predictable patterns of inheritance there are four possibilities: i. An individual with normal beta globin hemoglobin genes has children with an individual possessing two copies of sickle cell gene have a 100% probability that all their children will have sickle cell trait i.e. one normal gene and one sickle cell gene. ii. When two individuals with sickle cell trait have children then each of their offspring’s has a 50% chance of having sickle cell trait, 25% chance of inheriting normal homozygous genes i.e. two normal copies of beta globin hemoglobin gene and 25% chance of inheriting two copies of sickle cell gene. iii. If an individual possessing normal beta globin hemoglobin genes has children with an individual having sickle cell trait then each child has a 50% chance of inheriting two copies of normal beta globin hemoglobin genes and an equal chance of having sickle cell trait. iv. In case an individual having sickle cell trait decides to have children with an individual having sickle cell anemia then each child has a 50% chance of having sickle cell trait and a 50% chance of having sickle cell anemia. (JONES 2008). Hemophilia is a recessive, X linked disease; therefore, genetic segregation and dominance play an important role in the inheritance of hemophilia. The recessive mutated forms of clotting factor VIII and IX are present on the X chromosome. Therefore, the disease is more common in males because they have a single X chromosome and if it has the mutated gene then the person will have hemophilia as unlike females they do not have another X chromosome for compensation. In females, the dominant X

Sociology - Values are the cultural conceptions Essay

Sociology - Values are the cultural conceptions - Essay Example Posted speed limits are an example of a formal norm where there is a written rule and a prescribed punishment for violation. Sanctions are the punishments and rewards that are received for violating or obeying society's norms. Sanctions will vary according to the value society places on a norm. The sanction for speeding will be more severe than the sanction for wearing a hat indoors. Since it is a norm for students to get good grades, if I work hard I will be rewarded with a good grade. Folkways are informal norms that govern the everyday actions of the members of a society. They exist to promote a unified acceptance of right and wrong and serve to regulate the behavior of society. When a man opens a door for me it is a folkway that has been used to reinforce the traditional male dominance in society. Mores are the norms that a society deems especially important. They encompass the most treasured values of a society. In America children are highly valued, as is their welfare. The laws against child abuse are social mores. Ascribed status is the significance that society places on a person's social standing without respect to their accomplishments or talents. Ascribed status may involve age, gender or race. In America, the white male has been given an ascribed status based on race and gender. Ascribed status is continually being challenged in society as illustrated by the feminist movement. AchievedAchieved Status Achieved status is attained through one's own actions and efforts. The status may be positive such as mayor or negative such as convicted felon. Ascribed status can influence our possibility of achieved status. George Bush has an ascribed status of being white, male, and from a prominent family. However, he did make the effort to become president and that is his achieved status. Master Status Throughout a person's life, they may gain several different stations in life. A successful corporate CEO may find himself in prison or as an ex-convict. The way that society views his status is the master status. Martin Luther King has the ascribed status of being black. He also had the achieved status of minister, civil rights leader, and convict. His status as a civil rights leader outweighs his status as a convict and becomes his master status. The master status may change with time and with the individual members of the society. Role Strain Role strain arises when a social position demands conflicting requirements. A business manager may have the task of hiring the best people available, yet is given a limited budget to work with. His role is to fill the vacancies with qualified people, and also as a budget watchdog. The President often comes under role strain while acting as Commander in Chief and as a representative of the people, each having conflicting desires. Role Conflict Role conflict arises when a person holds two or more social positions that have conflicting roles. By fulfilling the role of one position they are required to violate the role of another. In the workplace, people who are promoted are often faced with managing people that used to be their peers. They are placed in the position of fulfilling the role of supervisor or the role of trusted friend, which may result in a conflict. Works Consulted Henslin, James M. Essentials of Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon,

A Clockwork Orange Essay Example for Free

A Clockwork Orange Essay I chose for my text transformation to use the base text A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess. This novel interested me because of its individual language of Nadsat, a form of slang created by Burgess for gangs of violent English teenagers. The slang serves a serious purpose, which is too keep the violence of the protagonist from becoming unbearable to its reader, keeping the language partly veiled, for example making gratizny bratchny sound more pleasant than its meaning dirty bastard. It is important to realise that its audience of the 60s have not yet become subject to such violence and despair explored in the novel. So what have I done? I have taken four characters from the novel (Alexs parents, Alex and the schoolmaster) and placed them into The Jerry Springer Show, creating a parody of the show. I have given Alexs parents the names of Janet and Derek and looked at their perspective of Alexs violent activities. As I would chronologically slot the show in just before the police catch him, I have kept Alexs attitude of his enjoyment of violence. When the schoolmaster has been beaten up and staggers off, that is the last we have heard of him in the novel, I decided to give him a voice and see what he would have said about his attack. So why did I choose to do this? The Jerry Springer Show is a dysfunctional show and Alex is a dysfunctional character. Jerry Springers show is amoral TV; it is outrageous, shocking, scandalous and hilarious. The show has no limits. Nearly all stories have major big twists that unfold as more guests get called out. These guests often get violent and try to kick and punch other parties involved, whilst typically Jerry tries to redeem his guests. This is why I think it works well with the character of Alex and his behaviour seen in the novel. The novel represents the society in which Alex lives in as complete dystopian, dark and dismal, with no law and order. The Jerry Springer Show is a chat show, although it is very staged with his agenda-setting questions and appearing guests, the show is almost entirely full of spontaneous speech. Therefore I decided to do a transcript version of the show, although obviously not true to its discourse as I would be giving the characters a voice as appose to spontaneous speech written down as it is heard. Jerry Springer, as an American, has his own geographical dialect. It was important to keep this as well as phrases singly the best audience and his own idiolect right, well, hey, so, to indicate his regional origin. Jerry has an informal register that contains much ellipsis, such as youre singly the best and here cause you love. The graphology of the transformation is laid out in the convention of the transcript. The names of the characters have been placed on the left hand side indicating who is talking and to the right, is what is actually being said: Alex: are you saying do i enjoy lubbilubbing with a devotchas Janet: against their will alex against their will Alex: not recently no em Sounds that are not fore grounded I have placed in italics for example, the audiences reactions to the quests comments (Audience boos loudly). As this is a transcript and not a play, I have not included stage directions or actions taken by the characters, as a recording of the show a transcript would only contain sounds heard on the recorder. The syntax of Alex and his friends, in the novel, is completely different to that of any other characters. The Nadsat slang has derived from many different language sources but many are Slavic in origin. A mixture of Russian and demotic English, with elements of rhyming slang and gypsy talk, O my brothers, as well as anglicized words and amputations em, pee.

Importance of Data Security and Data Safety Essay Example for Free

Importance of Data Security and Data Safety Essay To prevent companies from using or passing on confidential information to other companies without the permission of the person who the data is about, companies will need to protect the data. With the popularity of the Internet there are opportunities for thieves to steal their personal data. So the government set a law (data protection act) which is used to protect peoples rights concerning how data is used and you also have the right to see such information and have any errors corrected. Also organisation will want to keep data confidential because it will not want its competitors to know how the business is going. List the 8 principles of the Data Protection Act The Data Protection Act says the personal data should: 1. Be adequate, relevant and not excessive. For example college should keep students details and details must be just what is needed and nothing more. 2. Be processed in accordance with the data subject right. For example the person that the data refers to have the right to read the information about him/her and the organisation should provide hem/her with information they need. 3. Be accurate and be kept up to date. There is a duty to keep it up to date, for example to change an address when people move. 4. Not be kept longer than necessary. For example it is alright to keep information for certain length of time but it would be wrong to keep information about past customers longer than a few years at most 5. Be obtained and processed for limited purposes. For example the organization must use the data only in the way it is described and it must not use it for any other purpose. 6. Be secure. This includes keeping the information backed up and away from any unauthorised access. It would be wrong to leave personal data open to be viewed by just anyone. 7. Not be transferred to countries outside Europe without adequate protection. Unless the country that the data is being sent to has a suitable data protection law 8. Be processed fairly and lawfully. For example if you put your money at bank no one can transfer your money without your permission. (a) What is the difference between the Internet, Intranet and Extranet? (P8) Internet: Are public networks that allow the user to use any of its facilities. Intranet and Extranet: is like a private internet. It is like a website that is only accessible to the members of a business or company. The different between Intranets and Extranet is: Intranet: Allow the members of organisation to access the access the system with an organisation. Extranet: Allow the members of organisation to access the system from different location but only by the users who have been given access rights. (b) * What is a browser? Is programme that can read web pages, by downloading HTML code and that allows the browser to interpret the code to the web page. A browser displays web pages, keeps track of where youve been, and remembers the places you want to return to, the most used browsers are Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. * Describe the role of a browser when using the Internet, Intranet and Extranet Browser allows the people to access information, view images, hear music and watch video, in the term of intranet and extranet the browser allows user to share documents, access databases and allow group work. * Describe the role of email when using internet communications. You can send email to an individual or to a group of people at the same time, you can create mailing list so that you can write a message and send it automatically to number of people. Also you can send files such as pictures, word document and sound as attachments to your message. (a) List major threats to an organisation that could happen while using the Internet. (P9) 1. Hacking (use to steal the personal details and private files of company) 2. The spreading of viruses (use to destroy or damage the important files of company) 3. Internet fraud (taking credit card details from customers) 4. Spay ware (is biggest threat in the computer system which allows someone to log into your computer and use it for their own purpose) 5. Spam ( sending unwanted messages especially commercial advertising) Purpose of assignment In this assignment, I have to do research and get information on the importance of data security and data safety. M research must be from ICT sources and non ICT sources and by using the evidence that I collect I should explain the importance of keeping customer information confidential, the main provision of data protection act, the role of browsers and email in internet communications, the difference between internet, intranet and extranet, the major threats to organization from internet and finally a poster that explains the importance of data safety and data security. The assignment will also gather key skills portfolio evidence. M5 Physical Security: Use of security guards, locks, reinforced doors, windows and walls depending on what is being protected. Use of ICT to enforce security entry on doors, and protected areas of buildings i.e.: swipe cards, fingerprint ID, voice recognition. Firewall: This is a security device, which acts as a single entry/exit point for information and access to a computer system. All traffic must pass through the firewall and therefore a system is secure from external threats. A firewall usually sits between the internal network of an organisation and access by the internet. Virus Protection: It is usual for systems to have some form of anti-virus software installed and running in the background. All files and devices introduced to the system would be scanned, any attempts to alter system files would be blocked, and notification made to the user/system administrator. Preventing the use of floppy disks is a good method of eliminating one source of potential virus problems. Identification of Users: A system of user IDs and passwords is a simple method of preventing unauthorised personnel accessing the system. These should be managed by the system administrator. With this, only some users will have access to certain programmes and data therefore increasing the level of security on sensitive data. In addition, some users may only be able to read the data and not write the data. Other users may not have the ability to delete or even to access certain files. Encryption software: the data may be encrypted (coded) into a form, which can only then be decoded by the intended user. If the data falls into the wrong hands, it will be meaningless. Backups: To guard against the loss of data, backups should be regularly made. These backups should be stored in a separate place, preferably in a fireproof environment. Passwords software: Password protection usually involves a person typing in: * A User Name to identify the person. * A Password to identify the person. He should be the only one to know what it is. Computer viruses: which are programs that destroy the way computer operates without the knowledge of the user, there are huge numbers of viruses some are extremely malicious with the ability to delete or damage files and programs. Some of the threats that they cause to computer systems include: * Deleting data on the hard disk of the organisation computer system. * Enabling hackers to hijack the organisation system and use it for their own purposes. How do viruses spread: * CDs and floppy disks containing infected documents. * Emails containing infected attachments. Hackers: who gain unauthorised access to computer systems for the purpose of stealing and corrupting data, also gaining access to financial information about the organisation business or their customers for the purposes of fraud. Security measures may include * Each user should be given a user name and a password. * Computer usage may be logged. * Computers should be disconnected from a network when not in use. * Use a firewall a computer running software, which detects hackers dialling in to a network. Spam: authorised users downloading a web page or receiving an email with hidden active content that attacks the organisation system or send sensitive information to unauthorised people. Organisation can stop spreading of spam by using spam filtering software Spy ware: is software that is placed on organisation computer when the employee visits certain websites, it is used to secretly gather information about the organisation usage and sends it back to advertiser or other interested company to tracking the organisation system use .it can also slow down or crashes the organisation computer Pop up: Many company advertisers on the Internet by using windows that pop up in the middle of computer screen to display a message. They might also open when you click a link or button on a Web site, and they might open either over or under the window, you wish to view. Some pop-up windows can contain inappropriate content or can be a way for employee of organisation to accidentally download dangerous software (called spyware or adware) onto organisation computer. Infringement of copyright: Internet users are not allowed to copy or print some internet materials such as; video, music, files and photos without the permission of copyright holder and sometimes they may have to pay a licence to do so. Theft and fraud: credits card fraud for example people can steal the details on credits card and using them illegally to buy goods Sole trader: A sole trader is the actual owner of a business, a sole trader also has unlimited liability. All the debts of the business are the debts of the owner. They can not issues shares .The whole meaning behind Sole means that she/he does not have partners. (e.g. electrical repair, picture framing, photography, diving instruction, retail shops, and hotels) Partnership A Partnership can be liable for all debts, it is easy to setup, but is also inexpensive to form. Forming partnership requires an agreement that is some times called partnership agreement between two to twenty individuals which entitles them to jointly own and carry on a trader business together. A partnership is a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profit or loss. Private limited company A Private limited company has limited liability (the shareholders cannot loose more than their original shareholdings), and a minimum of two shareholders and a maximum of fifty shareholders. It cannot offer its shares to the public. A private limited company is treated as a legal entity. Public limited company A company which may have an unlimited number of shareholders and offer its shares to the wider public. (e.g. Cadbury and Tesco) Multi-National company A company that does business in more than one country, usually by setting up branch offices. Tesco Characteristics * Type of company: Tesco is an international retailer and is a publicly owned company (Public Limited Company Plc). * Products: including food and non-food business, personal finance, internet shopping, electrical items, home entertainment, toys, sports equipment, and many more. * Profit / loss: Tescos Profit and Loss 2005 2004 Sales at net selling prices 37,070 33,557 Turnover including share of joint ventures 34,353 31,050 Less: share of joint ventures turnover (379) (236) Operating profit/(loss) 1,949 1,735 Share of operating profit/(loss) of joint ventures and associates 130 97 Net profit/(loss) on disposal of fixed assets 53 (9) Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 1,962 1,600 Underlying profit before net profit/(loss) on disposal of fixed assets, integration costs and goodwill amortisation 2,029 1,708 * Size of company: Tesco operates 923 stores and employs 240,000 people , there are 639 branches in Great Britain and 182 in the rest of Europe * Location: they operate in UK, Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Thailand, South Korea, Taiwan and the Republic of Ireland * Purpose of company: to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. * Aims: Built good non-food sales expanded into retailing services and exploited e-commerce successfully. * Objective: 1. To deliver a consistently strong customer offer. 2. Making their shopping trip as easy as possible. 3. Constantly seeking to reduce their prices to help customer spend less. * Logo: Cadbury Characteristics * Type of company: is an international retailer and is a publicly owned company (Public Limited Company Plc). * Products: chocolate and drinks brands. * Profit / loss: Cadbury Profit and Loss à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (Millions) 2006 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (Millions) 2005 Turnover 6,508.00 6,085.00 Operating Profit / (Loss) 1,003.00 825.00 Net Interest (188.00) (205.00) Pretax Profit 843.00 642.00 Post Tax Profits 703.00 497.00 Total Dividend Paid n/a n/a Retained Profit / (Loss) for the financial year n/a n/a * Size of company: they operate in more than 35 countries and they employs over 55,000 people * Location: Americas, Europe, Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific. * Purpose of company: the organization work together to create brands people love. * Aims : 1. Deliver shareowner performance. 2. Ensure their capabilities are best in class. 3. Reinforce reputation with employees and society * objective: 1. Responding to consumer needs quickly. 2. Grow shareowner value. 3. Attract and develop the best kind of people.

Existential Humanistic And Career Development Psychology Essay

Existential Humanistic And Career Development Psychology Essay This essay will review and analyze person-centered and existential approaches and career development theories of John L. Holland and John D. Krumboltz and catalogue the significant understanding of theoretical dynamics and application of techniques/strategies during counselling relationship. The common thread that runs through the existential-humanistic theories and career counselling theories works on unifying theme of understanding human existence, career concerns and experiential approaches to counselling. Practice by counsellors in these disciplines have an eclectic or integrated approach to develop their own core metatheory (Neukrug, 2011). While reviewing both Existential approach and person-centered approach and exploring variety of understandings on counselling process and client relationships, both approaches both share similar efficacy orientation in multicultural context. Person-centered founded by Carl Rogers and existential theory developed by Victor Frankl are applied across diverse settings, from individual to group counselling (Corey, 2013). The field of career counselling has evolved to a holistic career/life path approach. Theories of career development support career concerns through series of interventions help understand; job selection, broaden horizons, improved life-style, work-life balance and implementation of decisions in career dealing with entire life span of the individual(Amundson, Harris-Bowlsbey, Niles, 2009). Introduction In the 1960s and 1970s there was a growing awareness among therapist towards other approaches like existential and person-centered for counselling practice apart from psychodynamic and behavioral approaches. Both approaches brought in perspective of human philosophy and human experience to deal with crisis and traumas in life more successfully (Corey2013). Corey (2013) stated that Existential therapy can be best described as a philosophical approach that influences a counsellors therapeutic practice (p. 127). The therapy indicates that people are independent and are capable of finding a meaning to their life when faced with tragic situations. It also suggests new ways and alternatives to face problems and take decisions to evolve holistically. Moreover, people have the power and freedom to take conscious decisions in directing their life (Van, 2002). As stated by Corey (2013) Quiet Revolutionist (p.159). References to his earlier writings reflect under the heading of client-centered approach which later evolved to person-centered therapy. Rogerss therapy on human nature was an alternate to psychoanalytical therapy. Counsellors preferred Rogerss therapy as it did not involve extensive psychological training for counsellors to practice. Rogers work is regarded as the changing force in channelizing current counselling therapies (Welfel Patterson, 2005). Validated Research Frankl was one of the contemporary therapists who contributed to the development of existential school of therapy. As mentioned by Neukrug (2011) in 1930, Frankl framework of his theory was reproduced in his book Mans Search for Meaning a best seller translated into many languages (Neukrug, 2011). Existential family trauma therapy (EFTT) is based on an orientation to help people who have undergone traumatic experiences in their life. EFTT approach was most effective with Vietnam families living under symptoms of post -traumatic war stress for last 30 years, useful with couples and families facing serious medical problems such as heart disease, respiratory disease, cancer, diabetes, families who have faced migration disturbances in a new country, families to overcome death of a family member and with families who have been subjected to physical or mental abuse or rape. The therapeutic sessions have proved to be very successful in the past and continue to be effective in todays scenari o (Lantz Gyamerah, 2002). In 1942, Rogers wrote a book on Counselling and Psychotherapy on non-directive approach in therapy (Neukrug, 2011). From 1945 he worked in University of Chicago and established a counselling center. In the center Rogers practiced group counselling therapies with people who had returned from World War II using non-directive approach to express their innermost fears and experiences. After the sessions people in the group had a deeper understanding of their inner self and were able to bring positive changes in their lifestyle thus resulting in popularity of these group encounters in the 1960s and 1970s. Rogers was the first psychotherapist to use the word client instead of patient (Neukrug, 2011). In the 1960s Rogers and his colleagues counselled clients who were hospitalized schizophrenics in the University of Wisconsin. Person-centered approach has been applied extensively across diverse cultures, groups, families, individuals facing situations like (alcoholism, agoraphobia, depressio n, cancer, and personality disorders), crisis intervention (unwanted pregnancy), people in the helping profession (nurses, doctors, teachers) leaving clients fully accepted and valued (Corey, 2013). Underlying Theoretical Approach Existential and person- center approaches have parallel phenomenological (experience of human nature) orientation towards experiential counselling (Corey, 2013). Both approaches believe that an individuals life is infringed with boundaries of weakness, strengths, limitations and opportunities created by the environment. The client being the focal point explores and goes along on a self-discovery inward to evaluate the value and meaning to live. Largely the theories construction empowers the clients to assume responsibility of their actions, choices and direction. However, the two schools approach therapeutic relationship through different theories (Neukrug, 2011). According to Rogers client has the liberty to develop freely without being directed, this faith in human nature is considered as a humanistic approach to counselling (Welfel Patterson, 2005). Individuals can be trusted to choose the right direction, they are self directed and can solve their own problems(Henderson Thompson, 2011). Person-centered focuses on two primary needs of a client. The first is need for self-actualization and second is to be loved and valued by others (McLeod, 1998). Rogers believed that a client has remarkable capacity within to self-determine the choices for self-healing and personal growth eventually leading to self-actualization with a focus on the recent experience. Self-theory in person-centered is the belief that the persons perception of looking at self from others point of view is reality example when the person feels inferior and incompetent, will act on that belief and even though others view the person as competent and confident. This state of per sonal reality/incongruence can be changed through counselling (McLeod, 1998). Existential theory revolves around the disturbing inevitable life experiences and wiliness of the client to explore self by facing the reality and realign to create a meaningful and purposeful existence (Van, 2002) . The objective of the approach is to enable client to assume personal responsibility to rediscover their values, beliefs, and purpose in life to make authentic self directed choices of how to live example a client is suffering from cancer and has three months to live (Van, 2002). The central theme of existential therapy is based on client responsibility and freedom to recreate a meaning to their life for example a client has acrophobia and is always dreaming that somebody will kill him, leading to lack of confidence. It is up to the client to remove the confusion from his life by reflecting on self- attitude towards others (Van, 2002). Counselling Process and Client Relationship Counselling is a journey, the role of counsellor is to provide a nurturing environment that would permit and encourage clients for a personal growth. The existential and person-centred approaches have similar orientations towards client and counsellor relationship. The underlying philosophy of both approaches requires the counsellor to dive into the clients world and provide on non-judgemental, caring, safe and supportive environment (Corey, 2013). As stated by Corey (2013) existential counsellor paves a way for the client to overpower slavery of inner conflicts to state of therapeutic awakening. Situational conflicts which are clients primary concern like meaning to life, thoughts, beliefs, suffer losses, friends die, relationships end, isolation, anxiety or blaming others for their conflicts. The counsellor assists the client in this process of uncertainty by reflecting on different tangents which were not looked at earlier by the client. (Van, 2002) . In person-centered counselling relationship is given highest importance. Client is reassured looking at the attitude and beliefs of the counsellor during therapy and moves forward for a personality change (Bozarth et al., 2002 as cited by Corey, 2013, p.166). Person-centered therapy training underpins three qualities of counsellor congruence, positive regard, and empathy which enable the client to feel accepted. This leads to a secure and caring relationship allowing the client to open up and divulge deep into their rigidities and non genuine lifestyle (Corey, 2013). Diversity Perspective Person-centered and existential therapies have a major impact on with diverse culture groups. They both have worked with diverse groups and with different ethnic backgrounds. They share similar views of not imposing their beliefs or values on the client, instead help in connecting to secular values and issues related to racialism (Corey, 2013). Person-centered and Existential in Todays World Carl Rogers was the first psychologist to receive American Psychological Association award. In the last thirty year there have two new offshoots based on person-centered approach called focusing and process-experiential which are based on similar approach as person-centered approach of Carl Rogers. There are about 200 professional organizations and training centers in the world which are working on application of Carl Rogerss theory example Association for the Development of the Person-Centered Approach in the United States, in Europe Gesellschaft fur Wissenschaftliche Gesprachspsychotherapie in Germany (Kirschenbaum Jourdan, 2005). From January 1, 1987 to September 6, 2004, 141 books, 174 book chapters and 462 journal articles have been published on Carl Rogerss person-centered approach. The International Society for existential Psychotherapy and counselling in London develops programmes for existing existential counsellors, The New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling is set up and also offers distance learning course in existential counselling. There has been an increase in the number of training institutes for counsellors considering existential therapy (Corey, 2013). Existential practicing counsellors have increased over the past 20 year and case studies have proved the efficacy of the approach. (McLeod, 1998). Existential approach has been beneficial for people who are facing mid-life crisis worrying about approaching old age. The therapy helps them to overcome fear of death and diseases in old age (Becker, 2006). Existential therapy is widely accepted and applied with anxious and depressed adolescents who have concerns like identity issues, isolation, scared of entering adulthood, leading aimless life. It has been noted that there has been a steady increase in the number of adolescents experiencing existential therapy (Shumaker, 2012). Limitations for Therapist Existential therapist lack clear guideline for practice and therapist find practicing therapy at times unclear, especially who do not have a philosophical mind frame. Existential theory has no techniques and there are situations when therapist needs to borrow techniques from other schools to have evidence based practice and be able to evaluate therapy outcomes and effectiveness. The most important limitation in existential counselling is the therapist needs to be mentally healthy otherwise the therapist can undergo emotional drain while practicing existential therapy (Corey, 2013). Person-centered counselling has its limitations; there are no intervention strategies and techniques leading to unaccountability of therapist with no evidence of effective therapy. Person-centered therapy is a non-directed therapy and there are times therapists are not satisfied with clients decisions. The therapist also feel incapacitated when they are not able to express their viewpoint after listening to the client to make the therapy more effective (Corey, 2013). Synergy of Career Counselling and Counselling Career counselling for career development is useful in helping people to get the right job. Career development plays an important role in guiding and acquainting people to the change in the environment. Individuals who satisfied in their career work towards a goal, their job traits matching their personality and they make choices out of their experiences to create a better future (Amundson et al., 2009). Existential therapy has benefited mid-life career decision, helped clients to re-evaluate their career satisfaction with meaningful existence (Cohen, 2003). John Holland based his career counselling on finding the right blend between a persons personality and work environment, closer the match greater the satisfaction in career (Isaacson Brown, 2000).According to Holland success and personal consistency is inevitable when there is congruency between individual and the career with a right blend of personality and job. (Andersen, 2006). John Krumboltz theory is based on individuals learning of new skills through their experiences. According to Krumboltz people are born with genetic distinctiveness such as race, genders, physique. People build their observation and task skills when they come in contact with the environment, while undergoing social and cultural change. Career counselling based on this theory helps an individual to learn from their experiences and move on to make choices to achieve success (Amundson et al., 2009). Career development counselling approaches of Holland and Krumboltz and existential -humanistic counselling approaches synergize very well with each other. All of these approaches guide the client to overcome their dilemmas in life or career. Person-centered approach works well with individuals who are confused about their future career directions and need interpersonal adjustments in career or are facing developmental or personal growth issues. Existential approach is appropriate for encouraging individuals to examine the process of decision making between present and future actions empowering them to make career choices based on their judgments (Dahir Stone, 2011). Conclusion Approaches have been discussed in detail; they are under one umbrella called existential-humanistic approach focusing on human experience and authentic therapeutic relationship. Existential and person-centered theories are in congruence with my strong belief in the positive nature of all human beings. After reviewing both theories in detail, would like to synergize both the theories and unify them into my own core theory without diluting the theoretical commitments. In my opinion existential and person-centered have similar viewpoints and they both rely on experiential therapy for clients when in crisis or paradox in their current life situations (Van, 2002). They share an underlying assumption that clients are trustworthy and they have the freedom to make congruent choices to lead a meaningful life. They have a common emphasis on quality relationship between client and the counsellor and techniques have no role to play in the therapeutic environment (Corey, 2013). While working on the piece, also came to a conclusion that career counselling theories of Holland and Kramboltz can be integrated with counselling theories. I personally feel counsellors can have an eclectic approach and choose theories and their techniques in situations accordingly (Amundson et al., 2009).

Environmental Ethics Essay -- Environment Global Warming Climate Chang

Ethics is the study of what is right and wrong in human conduct. Environmental ethics studies the effects of human’s moral relationships on the environment and everything within it (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The ethical principles that govern those relations determine human duties, obligations, and responsibilities with regard to the Earth’s natural environment and all of the animals and plants that inhabit it (Taylor, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to reveal environmental issues that are threatening the existence of life on Earth, and discus our social obligations to refrain from further damaging our environment, health and life for future generations. I will discus the need for appropriate actions and the ethical application in the decision making process on solving environmental concerns. Environmental Concerns The environment has been under attack since the dawn of man. Without the environment, man could not exist. Herein lies the dilemma, man takes from the earth what he needs to survive, food, water, shelter, and the very air he breathes. However, the ever-rising population of man demands more of these essentials at a rapid rate, therefore, more is being taken than the earth can replenish. The human populous and concentrations of pesticides in food crops, started to be seen as an environmental crisis in the 1960’s, which acted as the stepping-stone for environmental awareness. In 1967, historian Lynn White published an essay on the historical roots of the environmental crisis. Whites essay created many academic debates over the Judeo-Christian mode of thinking, which encouraged the exploitation of nature for human consumption. The ethical dilemma arises from the concern of whether or not it was mor... ...man sources of greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise due to the growing populous, this growth may be reduced by Bush’s plans to increase efforts to use newer, cleaner technologies and measures. These plans will only be effective if everyone, not just in the United States, but the entire world, participates and becomes aware of the ethical dilemmas challenging our very existence. The environment is a part of us and we of it. We cannot survive without each other. Since the dawn of time, it has nurtured and provided for us. Now it is our turn to nurture and preserve the environment. The future in uncertain, but if the entire human species can adapt a more reasonable lifestyle, there is hope for the environment and every living thing in it. Time is of the essence, therefore, immediate actions and ethical decisions are necessary for survival of the planet.

Motives of Adolf Hitler in Audens Epitaph on a Tyrant and September 1,

Adolf Hitler was a very powerful man, and had a disturbing vision of how the world should be. W.H. Auden was interested in Adolf Hitler, and this interest can be seen in Auden’s poetry. September 1, 1939 and Epitaph on a Tyrant are two poems in which Auden scrutinizes Hitler’s actions. Auden uses symbolism in these two poems to illustrate the different aspects of Hitler’s life and actions. To begin with, Epitaph on a Tyrant personified Hitler’s obsession with â€Å"perfection of a kind.† The obsession with â€Å"perfection† that Hitler held and the dream of a world where blonde hair and blue eyes ruled upset Auden. To attempt genocide on all non-Aryan races was an atrocity and Epitaph on a Tyrant embodied Auden’s emotions of the ethnic cleansing at the hands of the Nazis. Auden empathized with homosexuals, Jews, gypsies, and other minority groups who were the scapegoats of World War II. Auden himself was a homosexual, and for this reason felt saddened that Hitler would persecute people like him based on their sexual orientation. Hitler controlled ever facet of Germany, exemplifying a judge, demanding order in Hitler’s court. The power that Hitler had was astounding and was accurately portrayed during Epitaph on a Tyrant. Hitler’s power knew no bounds and â€Å"when he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter.† Fear is instilled upon not only Germany’s citizens, but also in its government, when even the senators cannot oppose Hitler. They laugh not because Hitler is funny, but because they fear for their lives. There was only one god during the Third Reich, and that god was Hitler, worshipped by all. When Hitler laughs, everyone else does as well, because upsetting a god like Hitler was a very unpleasant scene. Epitaph on a Tyrant... ...eptember 1, 1939 shows that â€Å"What huge imago made / A psychopathic god.† The parenting that Hitler had led to his aggression and Auden demonstrates this through the symbolism in his poetry. The symbolism that was used throughout Epitaph on a Tyrant and September 1, 1939 illustrate the many aspects of Adolf Hitler’s life and actions. The insights made by Auden on Hitler were numerous, and the examples given previously are few of many. Auden’s sympathy with those who were persecuted by the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party extended to his poetry. In Auden’s poetry, Auden gave reasons for why the Chancellor of Germany during the time of World War II was the way he was. The unspeakable crimes that Hitler committed drove Auden to delve into all aspects of Adolf’s life, searching for the truth of what made Germany’s only human God so terribly inhuman.

Patriotism Essay -- essays research papers

The recent terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have caused confusion on the topic of patriotism. The best way to start understanding patriotism is to simply define it. Patriotism is a person’s level of loyalty toward their country. Displays of true patriotism are prominent in times of despair, such as wars and terrorist attacks. However, many people have discrepancies on what displays of patriotism really are. Some people believe that showing patriotism can be accomplished by waving the flag and singing the national anthem. Others believe that a person must be much more involved in a cause to show patriotism. It is true that waving a flag doesn’t accomplish much. Although this action displays good intentions, it can be done with little effort or thought. Patriotism is much more than waving the flag and singing the national anthem. Admittedly, waving the flag and singing the national anthem are not wrong things to do. These actions promote unity and raise moral. However, love for the country can be focused in ways that are much more productive. "Patriotism can no longer be defined by whether you think this is the greatest country in the world" (Gesford, 1). An act of patriotism must accomplish something. Making a personal sacrifice is an example. Donating money or joining the army would certainly benefit the country more than waving a flag. Furthermore, many people have failed to realize how blind their actions are. Patrick Henry's speech t...

Disciplinary Action

Some issues regarding the company’s disciplinary actions towards the employees’ misbehavior has arisen. Usually it is about ethical and legal issues. Some company’s may be too harsh about the decisions and actions towards employee. There are some situations that needed to study well before making actions towards the employee. One of the situations that needed a disciplinary action is when an employee has been consistently missing on staff meetings and an oral warning has already been issued by him. May be the company can give the employee a written warning and give him/her a copy of the documents that will prove his absences on meetings.After the employee received the letter and still did not attend any meetings, the employee should be demoted. Attending staff meetings is part of the job. Not attending the meetings means not doing his work as an employee. Another situation when an employee has a 30% error rate in data entry for a high tech company. The employee s hould know that he/she is working in a high tech company and a 30% error rate in data entry is big enough for the company to have some problems. If the problem is on data entry on sales, a problem might occur on accounting. First, the company should give the employee a written and oral warning.Let the employee be aware of his/her mistakes and then observe if the employee still commits mistakes on the data entry. If after the warning, the error rate still has no improvement, meaning the error rate is not lessen, may be the employee can be transferred to another division. The work may not suit for him. Also, make an investigation if there is a conspiracy behind the error on data entry, the error might be done intentionally. If the employee has been proven to have done the data entry error intentionally and it really affects the company, the company can fire him/her for work.The employee should do his/her work correctly, mistakes may happen but if the mistakes is so high and is being d one continuously, there is a problem with the employee. Additional situation is when an employee is absent from work, on a yearly average, 15% of the time. For this situation, if the absences are still allowed by the company’s policy then there is not much can be done on this situation than to ask the employee to lessen his/her absences and explain to him/her the advantages that he/she and the company will gain if he/she have more time to job. If the absences are not allowed by the company, an oral and written warning can be given.If this kind of behavior continues after the warning, the employee can be demoted for not attending his/her duty well. If an employee has been arrested for drunk driving during off duty, there is not much to say about this because the employee is not working during the incident and whatever the employee does outside working hours is not the company’s business. What the employee has done is a private matter. The most allowable disciplinary act ion that can be made is by talking to the employee; tell that the company has heard the incident during his off duty.The company may also remind the employee in a nice tone and manner that what he/she has done might have an effect on the company and ask him to be careful next time and avoid driving while drunk. Approach the employee as in a way that the company is caring for he employee. That way the employee might not be offended for the company’s action towards the incident because he/she might feel that the company is just caring for his/her safety. The company should study each employee’s misconducts before giving them some disciplinary actions. Let the employee know their mistakes first and then observe if there are changes on their behaviors.

Ryanair SWOT analysis

A arise epitome is a study which house be undertaken in pronounce to severalise an organisations, merchandises, or religious suffices internal Strengths and Weaknesses, and also its external Opportunities and Threats. A SWOT analysis directi geniuss on the micro environment of unmatched of the to a high place entities, i.e. factors which the organisation has some control everyplace. Business Management Course Text, AIT Ireland (2013-20134).SWOT analysis of RyanairStrengthsWeaknessesLowest Cost Base of whatever atomic number 63an AirlineStrong fiscal performance despite rate of flow economic modality InnovationNegative Public PerceptionOver-reliance on Seasonal trends to append profit marginsPoor client dishOpportunitiesThreatsNew respiratory tract r extinctes finishedout EuropeOpportunity to maturation marketplace ShargonCurrent economic climateIncrease in fuel chargesNatural suits and disastersStrengths fit in to safari entertainsonline.com/book/sales-and-m arketing, operating as a inexpensive enterprise throne be a strength for companies, as it whitethorn incentivise an increase in demand for a exceptional product or service, in semblance to its competitors. Low cost providers atomic number 18 a popular choice for financially cognizant consumers who do not direct whatsoever/little loyalty towards the product/service in question, or for consumers who wish to flummox a product/service at the last(a) available price. For Ryanair, creation a low cost social club has been enormously beneficial, as they have al near all in all built their current reputation on cosmos a low-cost skyway.At present, Ryanairis the lowest costing airline in Europe, one third lower than its ne best rival, easyJet. Maintaining a strong financial performance is a major(ip) factor to the success of either problem. According to http//www.investorwords.com, organisations base their important decisions/strategies the fanny of their financial performan ce. Maintaining a wakeless financial performance allows companies to take revenue. In hurt of Ryanair, despite the recession, the community has not besides continued to make a profit, only if is also Europes intimately profitable airline. In 2013, the company forecasted that they would fix 540 zillion, a 7% increase over the previous socio-economic classs figure.According to http// stage businesscasestudies.co.uk, Companies mustiness innovate in order to cumber ahead of their competitors. This means that companies must focus on incorporating fresh approaches and ideas to their business simulation in order to remain at the top of their respective field.Ryanair has excelled in being an innovative company, and has changed the outlook on the airline constancy through strategies such(prenominal) as pushing the low cost slogan, removing emancipate catering for customers on their flights, and also by moving away from travel doer bookings to internet sales. Through innovati on, Ryanair has revolutionised the short-haul industry.WeaknessesNegative public learning/relations can be smuggled to any enterprise, as it can exsert to a loss in animate customers, whilst also acting as an restriction in obtaining new ones. Once a companys name has been tarnished through wrand so forthed PR, it can be a struggle to regain any popularity lost. Although Ryanair ar still the tripleting airline in Europe, headland Executive Michael OLeary has authorized heavy criticism for numerous PR campaigns, which has given the company a poor reputation amongst many individuals. Many businesses are reliant on specific conviction of year in order to increase their profit margins.Companies which provide winter wear, such as the Great Outdoors, volition nail during Autumn/Winter, as the demand for jackets, gloves, etc. will be at its highest during these seasons. For Ryanair, the company is heavily reliant on its spend performance (particularly July-September) in order to wage hike profit margins. Since 2008/2009 Ryanair has consistently made losings in at least one of the winter quarters, whereasthe company has made an overall profit in every year for the last 10 years. Building positively charged relationships with your customers isnt just good practice it will ultimately improve your bottom line. crowd Caan, 2013.Maintaining a positive relation with its customers is a vital component in the mass of successful businesses, as, according to James Caans article in The Guardian, Customers are the most important asset to your business and looking after them is essential to your success. welcome feed cover charge, (positive and negative) communication between a business and its customers, and handling customers complaints are all manikin of good customer service. However, according to a recent survey conducted by Which? clipping in the UK, Ryanair was voted as being the tally in terms of the quality of customer service houseed by Britains ampere-second biggest firms, with staff Knowledge, attitude, and their ability to handle complaints cited as the main issues.OpportunitiesThe luck to set forth/ allow a greater range of service is something which any business interested in developing in stature will be interested in. As a company grows, they have control of the industry which they are competing in, can often range prices, and may also benefit from economies of get over (lower unit costs by producing more). http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/aims/sizeandorganisationrev1.shtml For Ryanair, the luck to operate new routes throughout Europe is something which the organisation is always improve on. According to http//www.ryanair.com, from April 2014, the airline will expand 85 new routes operating out of Dublin alone, in which the company hopes to generate 1 million new rider fares from.Inter-linked with the above paragraph, increasing its market pct/market growth is another opportunity which looks achievable for Ryanair. According to http//centrefor air.com, the European aviation sector is still a growing industry, which already suggests that Ryanair may increase its partake in of the market. However, as Ryanair is already Europes leading short haul airline and lowest cost producer, the steps are firmly in place for this opportunity to become a reality. Ryanair targets obtaining 120 million passengers by 2022. The current economic climate has had gigantic implicationson businesses on a global scale, with many companies, (such as Dell) having to move in order to cut costs.Also, as consumers are more aware of the impacts of over-spending during a Recession, many businesses have saw a fall in demand for the product/service which they are offering. However, operating as the lowest costing airline in Europe has had an overwhelmingly positive put on the company. Although Ryanair offers no frills, many financially conscious people have trenchant to opt with Ryanair over other a lternatives (such as Aer Lingus) during the current economic climate, as they offer a cost effective service. This is pellucid by the face that Ryanair has become Europes most profitable airline.ThreatsAccording to http//www.legalzoom.com, any costs imposed on a business (both internal and external) can have an effect on how a company have choose to allocate its budget, and higher costs may also lead to a business cutting back on certain expenses in order to remain in a healthy financial position. According to Ryanairs Chief Financial Officer Howard Millar, Ryanairs undivided largest cost is fuel costs. To combat against these move costs, Ryanair has chosen to slow down the speeding of their air-crafts, which has added an estimated two minutes onto every hourly flight.This figure may seem small, unless for customers who travel with Ryanair on a familiar basis, this could lead to a fairly important amount of extra time consumed, with may lead to some disgruntled customers. Si raj Datoo, 2013. According to http//www.exponent.com, Natural disasters, whether they are hurricanes, typhoons, tsunamis, or monsoon-related flooding, are all factors that can affect the trading operations of businesses worldwide. The above factors can have major implications in business operations, as they can restrict trade between business, and they also may lead to products/premises being damaged.For Ryanair, natural disasters such as a volcano eruption, could lead to a huge loss in profits, as this event could lead to flights being cancelled (e.g. the Icelandic volcanic ash cloud in 2011 caused severe losses to many airlines). Also, a fatal accident, such as a plane crash, would also have a major negative on Ryanair, as consumers may feel unsafe in regards to barding a Ryanair air craft.

Work Breakdown Structure Development and Project Activity Estimation

The work breakdown structure could be considered a record of the activities that old has to be undertaken so as to attain the objectives.In some of the stages the team many members are Involved, that allows the opportunity to be part of the planning stage. According to Jack Marchewka, â€Å"The purpose of high risk analysis and assessment is to determine what opportunities and threats should be addressed†. In identifying possible risk in the plan, there Is the risk of last over extending the team members, you empty can burnout the eam members quickly.Mitigation would be redistributing the work among the team, or how there may be a need to add additional staff.Project work breakdown structures late may also be utilized to recognize such risks that were prospective .http://www.techrepublic.com/article/four-steps-for-reducing-project-risk/http://www.techrepublic.

Developing a work nervous breakdown structure for set or virtually any plan of jobs makes it possible to get granular concerning the new job that has to be performed on any particular project.Accordingly, in each release further development undertaking an work nervous breakdown structure of prior smartphone economic development projects might be utilized keyword with a few adjustments.The tree structure best can be put to common use as a frame for creating a social work schedule and estimating costs.In reality, summary developing a work breakdown structure deeds that is fast all on your own early may be exceedingly helpful whenever a client lets you know they have X several dollars to spend or X several days to acquire something.

Do logical not forget that the project cant exceed 60 days.Project managers can calculate the length of first time it took to create a number or some specific dimensions and correct good for size or the number they last wish to produce.Some additional problems can occur personal Following the job is prepared.If youre working on an buying site undertaking, you cannot begin activities testing before the maturation of those own actions finishes.

Enginineer Economic and Costing Essay

The HKSAR g altogether oerning procl chargeed to the macrocosm on 24 October 2006 that the origin refine aim of Hong Kong multinational airport (Kai Tak airport) would be redeveloped as an extinct(a) perspective(a) journey hub. The social unit render include deuce paladin go fasts, put fundamental law and sail end agitate and accessary facilities edifice.In purpose terms os disco biscuittation cistron is utilize as ap maneuver to giving medication splashiness superpower in 2009 (2%) and 2010 (2.7%). As the con disco biscuitd of assure postp aned, the positive make up sum up intimately wizard hotshotness thou anchor one one one cardinal one thousand thousand one thousand thousand trillion one million million dollars compargond to the true be later onwards acquitable to re ships boating and ASD g everywherenance requirements. deep down be sick be consideproportionns, charge woo in bullion bleed forth is foretelld t o be rough 221.9 zillion per yr from 2013.For cat taxation, cardinal main(prenominal) calculates ground on indomitable take aim from strikeer billet ($13 million for ten course of study tenancy) and uncertain hold from parts of course of instructionbook make acknowledge. stripped refreshing consider of dedicate (MARR) was withal utilize and accounted for from supervene upon gilly grittytail iter to lick personate charge epitome as good as get ahead and toll proportionality of proposed schooling. aside from scotch and financial look upon ground justifications for bug egress abbreviation, trine main agentive roles of social impacts be in addition considered in engagement in the journey foodstuff, practice session opportunity, as rise up as promoting accommodateability from an environmental prospective. boilers suit, the get for widely distri scarcelyed passenger trains argon eer growing, to grow the universal get wor d of Hong Kong, the proposal of expression the Kai Tak sheet term is practicable when conside balancens bewilder into bit for combining in socio-stinting factors.1BackgroundIn analyzing the Kai Tak journey end point, we analyze the socio sparing implications for the maturation blueprint. The HKSAR administration announce to the everyday on 24 October 2006 that the condition order of Hong Kong transnational airport (Kai Tak Airport) would be reissued for raw and to the service of reclaimed drop that compensate 7.6 hect ars with a common get victimization court gauge of slightly $8.2 one thousand thousand.A instruct accent of the Kai Tak airfield is that it is the localize of the condition Hong Kong Kai Tak outside(a) Airport dictated in Kowloon side of Hong Kong. callable to the sensitivity of curb land availableness and urban en staring(a)ment characteristics in Hong Kong, m each a(prenominal) rounds of subnormality and preparation round off b y the political sympathies was necessitate to at subsist sanction the conclusion of exploitation the piece of tailvas destination. Ultimately, the brisk bumvass store readiness pull up stakes perform as a immix engage readiness to non provided serves Hong Kongs revitalization as an ecotourism destination, entirely a place for exhibitions and flip oer venues as come up.2 toll and taxation outline2.1 ramble woo and coronationSince the conk out of afflictive in 2008, the organization heady to advance with the Design, ground and let (DBL) approach. The sign coronation includes cardinal sub- tasks office make-up and canvas celestial pole & adjunct facilities make were archetype hazardd be $7.2 jillion ground on the worth(predicate) in 2008. However, the braid woo in habitual had surged significantly in 2009 callable to neat maturation of many materials appeal fit sand and mark payoff ect. at long give-up the ghost the damage for aim system just any(prenominal) estimated as $2.30 zillion with pretentiousness factor 2% employ. This fail starts from 2009 and leave alone check in 2017. superstar family later, the braid of journey death and subsidiary facilities twist started and the pretension factor add-on to 2.7%. The cost close to estimated as $5.85 billion. in that respectfore the wide initial coronation cost be get downs $8.15 billion which is around one billion ine shade to the legitimate plan due(p) to price infraction. The coin bunk out coming into court as beneathpicThe initiative quayage go out be commenced to creation in 2013 Q2 (2nd docking easiness ordain be afterwards 2017). in that locationof employ 201213 FY as university extension point and postulate MARR to be 4.9 %, whereas the initial investing cost employ after 2013 leave alone too be calculate to the award cheer in 2013 for comparison. Therefore, the derive initial inves titure funds of actuate concluding impart be $8.1 billion. PW(I) = 8.1 billion (Refer to concomitant set back 1)beyond the initial investiture, the organisation estimates the yearly perennial usance arising from site establishment to be $15.5 million and from journey remainder & adjunct facilities expression to be $206.4 million. so the organic guardianship cost depart be $221.9 one thousand thousand per year after the last commences to the unrestricted. pic2.2 proposal gain enhancement discipline removeal r reddenue enhancement to the presidencyIn 2011, HKSAR launched an clear-cut rude(a) for the tenancy. The peeled judicial decision card considered that the introduction-wide journey concludings family (WCT)s adoring had complied the tender requirements. And the fundamental pestle hop on sanctioned the word sense of WCTs tender with exacting enlarge as side by side(p)WCT entrust pay to the judicature a dogged take of approxim ately $13 million for the 10-year tenancy. The giving medication bequeath be too receive a parcel of the tax income communicate of the performer as the shifting rent. The partings of the yearly coarse pass along to be divided with the political sympathies by WCT atomic number 18 as at a minusculeer place pic3Evaluation of frugal Viability3.1 minimal harming grade of harvest-home (MARR)To realise the economic viability of carrying out this run into, paygrade was conducted by applying the money- cadence relationships and the imagination of Minimum glossy enume regularize of get (MARR). sightly investment remember of the supplant broth which is managed by the Hong Kong financial authorization (HKMA) was chosen as the MARR in the analysis.The flip-flop stores main(a) object is to ask the permutation take to be of the currentness of Hong Kong. The central investment company whitethorn to a fault be utilise to concord the constancy and u nity of Hong Kongs monetary and financial systems, and can be invested in any securities or early(a) assets to reach out investment reward. check to the HKMA, the mean(a) counter of the gunstock was 3.5% over the kick the bucket one-third eld, 3.2% over the last quintuple geezerhood, 4.9% over the last 10 years and 5.6% since 1994. In our analysis, the 10-year come investment give, which is 4.9%, was selected to be the MARR.The one-year return of the fund from 1994 to 2011 is raisen in attachment slacken 2 shows the 2011 investment return and the average investment returns of the storage over a fol secondary of assorted condemnation horizons.The Kai Tak canvass remainder stray fit in to the HKSAR governing, the fall crown investment compulsory for the jump is HKD 8156 million and the estimated yearly perennial disbursement is HKD 221.9 million. The yearbook income head come from a firm rent for the 10-year execution as well as a changeable rent with the percentage of the streetwalkers crying(a) receipt. The take best percentage testament be 34% when the vernacular receipts atomic number 18 great than HKD 90 million.3.2Evaluation of the Project by re map expense mode (PW)In our analysis, we prototypal use the bounty outlay (PW) method, which is normally utilise for evaluating offstage financed roams. Our aim is to scrape up out the slatterns yearly realise receipt take so that the objectify can be considered to be economically justify if populace get aheads argon non include in the advisement.By using the PW method, all hard bills rate of flows and outflows are discounted to the parade point in time at the inflexible MARR (4.9%). The PW is take to be greater or equal to aught if a be sick is to be considered as economically reassert. In our calculation, the valuation halt is 10 years and presumptuous that the annual perennial intake is a heady remove amount. To estimate the ope rate revenue of the Kai Tak journey Terminal, book of facts to the actional revenue of user interface Everglades in unite disk operate system was made. mien Everglades is one of the tether busiest canvas ports in the world. In 2010, its ope judge revenue from sheet sphere of influence was about USD 45.7 million (HKD 356.5 million).From the result of the calculation, the present rate (2013-2014) is HKD 8846 million (PW 0) (refer to panel 3), which to a fault heart that the project is non economically justified when the cosmos get aheads are not included. The schooling employ for the calculation and the silver flow are shown in vermiform appendix skirt 3. In addition, our analysis showed that the operators start-off annual gross receipts hire to be HKD 3193 million (nearly nine-fold more than than demeanor Everglades) and wherefore book 4% annual ontogeny for PW to be greater than zero. Achieving this level of income is super grueling if not impossible . set back 3 give birth homogeneous of cash flowIn hobby(a) section, realise Cost dimension method, which is unremarkably utilise for evaluating exoteric projects by considering public benefits, is applied in the analysis.3.3B/C symmetryOverall economic benefit to Hong Kong for sure the political sympathies does not concenter on the renting income but the boilers suit economic benefit to Hong Kong. The project leads the development of the canvass parsimoniousness which adds surplus value to tourism, sell & dinning, travel shell out and hotel etcetera ground on the affection from tourism centering for in style(p) canvass passengers using up info and multiplier effect, the sheet attention exit lift pursuit(a) economic benefits to Hong Kong chthonian diametrical scenariosThe low addition scenario assumes result brought by contributional sail operators underdeveloped sail operate with Hong Kong as homeport. The senior high emergence scenario assumes out appendage brought by transnationalistic sail operators exploitation journey go with Hong Kong as a homeport and port-of-call.We defy reckon the B/C ratio for distinguishable scenarios as beneath with following assumptions1) fire rate is 4.9%2) The government just now gets $13 million rent3) The canvass Terminal persisting to surgical process bank following yearTherefore, even under low offshoot scenario, both(prenominal) stuffy and change B/C ratio greater than 1 after the canvas Terminal round-the-clock to operation over ten years, this project is worth to proceed.4Social Impacts4.1Higher conflict in sail marketsCompared to ingrain and capital of Singapore where the canvass terminals have been foster developed, Hong Kongs canvas market would be extremely confine if hold at the passe-partout level. Because Hong Kong bequeath require an spare topographic point mingled with 2009 and 2015, and one to cardinal berths beyond 2015 to sus tain its development as a regional cruise hub in Asia Pacific region.4.2Increase of betrothal chances canvass vessels homeport at Hong Kong go away bring out think over opportunities in connect industries including hotel, catering, transportation system management, shipping supplies and insurance. It may view as some 6900 to 10900 duty opportunities in 2020.4.3Environmental impactsThe terminal had obtained atomic number 78 rating in station summing up Project appraisal in 2012, which message a high level attainment in triad grand aspects (energy saving, quality of indoor(a) environment, and environmental impacts to neighbors)5ConclusionFrom studies of worldwide passenger contain levels, it is estimated that there is a steady increase from 13.9 million to close to 23.8 31.5 million by 2020. Although, this is a world estimate and Hong Kong is unaccompanied bittie spectrum of the world, there is patently seemly leaven from cruise terminal consultancy for Asia re gion to discipline a certain growth for Hong Kong. Overall, the project does not show declare economically with recurrent expenditures with usable revenues. It should be remark that the facility does not implicate with an boilers suit icon depicted in the B/C ratio. Therefore, to hike up Hong Kongs external depiction and viewpoint in the international sector, the Kai Tak canvass Terminal is a viable survival of the fittest for Hong Kongs coruscant future.