Reforming Rwanda Essay - 1157 Words

Reforming Rwanda Reforming Rwanda is not an easy task and cannot be accomplished overnight. The need for reform is unavoidable in Rwanda. Throughout this country’s history there have been many cases of civil unrest and violence. Perhaps the most recognized event in Rwanda was the genocide of 1994. The issues leading up to the killings, the genocide itself, and the changes made after are all important to Rwanda’s future and its ability to reform. Rwanda’s Civil War began on October 2, 1990 and greatly contributed to the country’s decline into violence and mass murder. The war was between the government of the current president, Juvà ©nal Habyarimana and the Rwanda Patriotic Front(RPF). The war was allegedly ended on August 4, 1993 when†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately all efforts towards peace were lost with the assassination of Habyarimana. Ethnic strife was also a major contributor towards the genocide. The two major social divisions were the Tutsi and Hutu. In Rwanda’s early history the Hutu were considered second class below the Tutsi. The Tutsi were generally the rulers and Hutus could only reach Tutsi status by success or marriage (Taylor 17). However later in history the Hutus became more favored and powerful. To ensure power would remain with the Hutus, extremists created the Hutu Power. The Hutu Power was an ideology practiced by Hutu radicals. It established the thought of Tutsis as invaders and suppressors. The Hutus wanted a â€Å"pure† Rwanda, free from Tutsi people and their influence. While peace negotiations were taking place after the Rwanda Civil War, radical Hutus were claiming that Habyarimana, the president, was being persuaded by the Tutsi and non-radical Hutus (Jones 146). After his assassination, the Hutu extremists organized mobs to kill a mass number of people, which became known as the Rwanda Genocide. The Rwanda Genocide happened between April and June of 1994. There was an estima ted 800,000 killed. The majority of people killed were the Tutsi. The genocide was not caused by just one person or one group of people, but Hutu extremists certainly supported the mass killings of their rivals, the Tutsi. In some cases, moderate Hutus were forced to kill Tutsis by theShow MoreRelatedThe Genocide in Rwanda 1001 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Kagame, the President of Rwanda, once quoted that, â€Å"When we are unified, working together, no challenge is insurmountable† (Arnlaugsdottir). His quote holds meaning and truth as within the past twenty years, Rwanda has worked miraculously to rebuild and reunite the country that was left disheveled by social conflict and genocide. There are many factors that have contributed to the reconstruction of Rwanda, including international assistance, gacaca courts and International Criminal TribunalRead MoreConflict Is A Old As Mankind1230 Words   |  5 PagesAugust with the signing of the Arusha Accords to create a power shari ng government. Rwanda: A brief history of the country  · In the early 1990s,Rwanda was a small country with a dominant agricultural economy and it had one of the highest population densities in Africa. Around 85 percent of its population is Hutu and the rest is Tutsi with a small number of Twa, a Pygmy group who were the original inhabitants of Rwanda. Before the colonial era Tutsis generally occupied the higher strata and Hutus occupiedRead MoreThe End Of The Cold War1435 Words   |  6 Pagescolonialism. Nevertheless, instead of taking their historical responsibility, only the private interests motivate those countries to participate in peacekeeping. In 1994, to preserve its interests in Rwanda, Belgium had the largest contingent in the UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda). However, just after ten Belgian peacekeepers were killed on April 7, Belgium began to petition for their complete withdrawal. After this abandonment, no country wanted to lead the mission (Maritz,Read MoreThe Tactics Of Combat Civil Wars And In still Peace1668 Words   |  7 Pagesmonitoring, protecting and delivering humanitarian aid, demobilizing and retraining troops, reforming police forces, protecting civilians, reforming legal systems, assisting in economic reconstruction, and sometimes administering the entire state until a new government can take over. In other words, after civil wars, peacekeepers are often charged not only with military monitoring duties, but with reforming the essential institutions of the state† (Peacekeeping, Peace Enforcement, and UN Reform LiseRead MoreTransformiing Healthcare Using Ehealth929 Words   |  4 Pagespromote health in the industry†¦it is many things. Beyond our borders, other countries are proving to be a step ahead in terms of e-health. They have openly accepted ICT in their health industries providing a strong foundation for e-health growth. Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania are good examples of countries that are already on the map for extensive e-health reforms. We are lagging due to the many bureaucracies involved in transforming our industries. The reluctance to adopt change also weighs downRead MorePeace Agreement And Peace Agreements1139 Words   |  5 Pages education, and program like social security. Encouraging entrepreneurial initiative will bring in new business to the people, which would create more jobs. This would make a cycle to boost. Peacebuidling show the scholars the bigger picture of reforming a country to a potential. There are countries all over the world that can have a better government if they would have gone with the peacebuilding method. Peacebuilding is an attempt after peace negotiations have not workout or imposed to addressRead MoreThe Process of Reforming the United Nations2045 Words   |  9 PagesThe process of reforming the United Nations (UN) has been a highly debatable issue among the international community. Since the initial signing of the UN Charter in 1945, the world has changed dramatically as the UN is trying to regulate a forum that assesses and deals with global issues while also struggling to unite all 193 member states of the UN when some states have been seen to have conflicting ideas and personal agendas (Teng, 2003, pp. 2-3). This essay is targeted to highlight what I feelRead MoreThe Process of Reforming the United Nations1843 Words   |  8 PagesThe process of reforming the United Nations (UN) has been a highly debated issue among members of the international community. Since the initial signing of the UN Charter in 1945, the world has changed dramatically. The UN is trying to regulate a forum that assesses and deals with global issues while also struggling to unite all 193 member states, some of whom have been seen to have conflicting ideas and individual agendas (Teng, 2003, pp. 2-3). This essay highlights what I feel are the most pressingRead MoreThe Challenges Of Stereotypes Within Africa1513 Words   |  7 Pagespolitically. Keim proposes that this type of misconception derives somewhat from the media. Often articles focus on the fears and violence, rather than the positive aspects regarding Africa. Keim states, â€Å"†¦early press reports on the 1994-1995 civil war in Rwanda frequently called it a tribal war. Media often fails to recognize cultural similarities and difference, only taking time mislabel and follow the nearest headline regarding â€Å"troubles in Africa†. Because of this, the outside world â€Å"Westerners†, oftenRead MoreThe Reform Of The United Nations Essay2044 Words   |  9 Pagesto veto especially among the perman ent members. In the past decade, there were two occasions when criminal tribunals were set up to try criminals for crimes against humanity, one after the war in Bosnia and the other after the civil war in Rwanda. Both these tribunals have helped persuade the International community to propose for the creation of a permanent Criminal Court. Because the United Nations has begun to take up a more prominent role in global affairs the increasing number of

Essay on How Alcohol Effects Teenagers - 2113 Words

Alcohol has many effects on the body, especially the teenage body. Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are not only adult problems -- they also affect a significant number of adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 20, even though drinking under the age of 21 is illegal (Dimeff 204). Alcohol is created when grains, fruits, or vegetables are fermented. Fermentation is a process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugars in the food into alcohol. Fermentation is used to produce many necessary items - everything from cheese to medications. Alcohol has different forms and can be used as a cleaner, an antiseptic, or a sedative. When people drink alcohol, its absorbed into their bloodstream. From there, it affects†¦show more content†¦The average age at which Americans begin drinking regularly is 15.9 years old. According to research by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, adolescents who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21. An early age of drinking onset is also associated with alcohol-related violence not only among persons under age 21 but among adults as well. It has been 5 estimated that over three million teenagers are out-and-out alcoholics. Several million more have a serious drinking problem that they cannot manage on their own (Sales 217-221). The three leading causes of death for 15- to 24-year-olds are automobile crashes, homicides and suicides -- alcohol is a leading factor in all three. While drinking may be a singular problem behavior for some, research suggests that for others it may be an expression of general adolescent turmoil that includes other problem behaviors and that these behaviors are linked to unconventionality, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking (Ruben 335). Binge drinking, often beginning around age 13, tends to increase during adolescence, peak in young adulthood (ages 18-22), then gradually decrease. Individuals who increase their binge drinking from age 18 to 24 and those who consistently binge drink at least once a week during this period may have problems attaining the goals typical of the transition fromShow MoreRelated Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay726 Words   |  3 Pagesend of teenagers drinking before they are allowed to according to law? In today’s society teenagers walk around as if they know exactly what is good for them, as if they are invincible. Take a look at the number of crashes caused every year by teenage under-aged drinkers and how alcohol effects their future and see how bold of a word invincibility is. Issues that need to be considered when it comes to alcohol are the medical conditions it gives people, how alcohol effects each teenagers futureRead MoreFactors That Influence Teenagers On Alcohol And Ef fects1570 Words   |  7 PagesFactors that influence Teenagers in alcohol and Effects Introduction The teenage years are the time of searching ourselves, engaging in different activities, doing something to fit to our peers and trying to form what we want to be. They are usually under the pressure on the school activities and performance. Sometimes, pressure from their parents who has big expectations from them is the reason why they engaged alcohol. In the present, numerous teenagers are already engaging alcohol consumption. DespiteRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 Pages(2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With rising statistical information availableRead MoreTeenage Alcohol Abuse1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse in Teenagers Underage alcohol abuse is a growing problem in the lives of teenagers today. Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol (Dowshen). To effectively combat this growing epidemic, teens need to understand the effects of consuming alcohol, and adults need to recognize the problem and effectively prevent alcohol abuse. Though many teenagers do not realize it, alcohol can significantly affect a teen’s life, including short-term impacts on the teen’s popularity andRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pages Teenagers are America’s greatest natural resource, and they need to be protected from some of the evils that lurk in the world. A subject that needs special attention is the abuse of alcohol by teens. Statistics show that there is a problem currently between teens and alcohol. There are many causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve America n teenagers. Teenage drinking will become worse of a problem if it continuesRead MoreDrunk Driving Essay examples863 Words   |  4 PagesNowadays, we can easily purchase alcohol everywhere. There are a lot of retail shops, bars, restaurants for us to buy alcohol. In the developing countries as Vietnam and China, people can purchase alcohol at any age. That’s the opportunity for the industry of alcohol develops and contribute the nation’s income. However, the negative effect of alcohol to security very seriously and it kills the young generations if the government doesn’t offer tough measures . While I was in Vietnam, I often wentRead MoreIs Underage Drinking Not Only Effect Their Live?1650 Words   |  7 Pages Actually underage drinking not only effect their live, but also affect teenager’s health. Research has shown that about 40% of teens drinking of 14-19 degree is achieved the level of short-term risk of harm. So what harm does alcohol do to your body? First of all, alcohol can poison the liver, cause the liver function damage. Excessive drinking consumption increased the burden on the liver. Mainly depends on the oxidative decomposition, damaged liver cell degeneration. Eventually lead to cirrhosisRead MoreTeenagers and Alcohol1584 Words   |  6 PagesSome people say yes because teenagers are responsible for their actions and should be able to have a little more leniency. Others say no, because teenagers are more likely to get into trouble with alcohol use and possible accidents due to drinking and driving. However a person looks at this argument, teenag ers should be able to make their own decisions in life and learn from their mistakes. People generally know that teenagers will find many ways to get alcohol. Teenagers find way to push the law requiringRead More The Problem of Teen Alcoholism in the United States Essay1102 Words   |  5 Pagesmay not in particular. Alcohol use among teenagers is a serious problem and is responsible for death and injury in automobile accidents, physical and emotional disability, deterioration of academic performances, aggressive behavior that causes a number of other sociological problems in families and among friends. It is also the primary cause of criminal behavior and a leading cause of broken marriages. As we know its a broad topic therefore Ill look at the role that alcohol plays in the society andRead MoreA Major Problem That Teenagers Come Across931 Words   |  4 PagesTeenagers are surrounded daily by different issues and problems. Some know how to deal with them; others create bigger problems for themselves. A problem that a teenager could come across can vary in its e xtremity. A major problem, that forms from other problems, is drug and alcohol abuse/use. Drug and alcohol abuse has become a huge problem among teenagers. It can start for multiple reasons. Every person has a different reason. The most common reasons or excuses for teenagers are boredom

Earthworm Biodiversity in an Arid Region of Rajasthan, India Free Essays

Among the soil fauna, earthworms have an important role to improve soil texture. The soil texture plays an important role in water holding capacity. Earthworms have an ability to enhance soil characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on Earthworm Biodiversity in an Arid Region of Rajasthan, India or any similar topic only for you Order Now It contributes to the breakdown of organic matter and release plant nutrients (Edwards and Bohlen, 1996). Earthworms are also considered as useful indicator of the health of soil ecosystem (Edwards and Bohlen, 1992) as to their role in soil fertility through fragmentation and mixed up the soil with mineral particle, enhancing microbial activity to breakdown plant organic matter. The contribution of earthworms in soil turnover, structure formation and serve as a fertility enhancer in different way. Earthworms are useful in land improvement and organic waste management (Edwards and Baker, 1992; Lavelle and Martin, 1992; Johnson, 1997; Villenave et al. , 1999). The distribution and population density of various earthworm species have been correlated with soil type and agriculture land use (Haynes et al. , 2003; Sbrina et al. , 2009). The biodiversity of earthworms is influenced by physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and climatic conditions of habitats. Earthworm’s biodiversity is directly affected by soil characteristics (Edwards and Lofty, 1977). These community influencing factors are soil pH, organic matter, nitrogen, C/N ratio, soil moisture and soil texture. Biodiversity is counted as human resources (Heywood, 1996). Recently, many biologists studied the biodiversity and distribution of earthworms in the different parts of the world (Blakemore, 2000, 2002, 2003; Change and Chen, 2004,2005; Blakemore et al. ,2006; Sautter et al. , 2006; Ghafoor et al. , 2008). Present study was done in Bikaner district, which is located in Thar desert of Rajasthan ranging 28. 01 ° N 73. 19 ° E. . The average rain fall in this area is 10† to 15† only. Therefore, climatic conditions are adverse for organisms. Most of its area is irrigated with tube wells and Indira Gandhi canal. Due to adverse conditions from a long period, there is still a few information about biodiversity and habitats. The present study will revealed new basic information for further research on earthworms and its ecology and application of earthworms in agriculture sector. How to cite Earthworm Biodiversity in an Arid Region of Rajasthan, India, Papers

Effects of Typhoon free essay sample

The typhoon affected living creatures and properties. People, animals, and plants can be killed during typhoon. First, flooding can be the reasons for humans to get drown because of a high level of water. The bad weather can also give them sickness such as fever, common cold and malaria, which is a serious infectious disease spread by certain mosquitoes. A few of them suffered from trauma after the typhoon. Trauma is a type of damage to the mind that causes a person to be precisely afraid of something. For instance, a thunderstorm which is a sign of typhoon can cause someone to be frightened because of his or her typhoon experience. Then, animals get executed by the typhoon. When the small animals and food supplies disappear or get killed by the typhoon, it affects the larger animals for the reason that they can’t longer find enough food. Lastly, plant life can simply be swept away. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Typhoon or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even trees cannot withstand the absolute force of a typhoon’s strength. All natural disasters have something to left when it was gone. Mostly, a typhoon can sweep away a farmland full of crops and it can cause mudslide. If it’s not meat from the animals, it is from the plants that we produce food. Unfortunately, crops are swept away after a strong hit of a typhoon. One effect of this is a shortage of food. If food shortage happened, the prices of food will get higher because of a lack of production. Finally, the strength of a wind and an unstoppable rain has the potential to create a mudslide. When mudslide occurs not only the house and buildings are buried. People who are inside their houses are in danger because they might get buried alive. A mudslide cause by a typhoon is very dangerous. It can happen rapidly that’s why a poor wouldn’t mind to save his personal belongings if mudslide happens. Tropical cyclones in the Philippines had effects: living creatures and properties. I have known that if these keep on going, death and property loss will increase in the Philippines.